Natural and Man Made Disasters
ICSE · Class 8 · Geography
Complete topic list for Natural and Man Made Disasters in ICSE Class 8 Geography. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Natural and Man Made Disasters
1. Meaning and Types of Disasters
- A disaster is a sudden, accidental event of great magnitude causing considerable damage to life and property.
- Disasters can be grouped into three types: natural, man-made, and hybrid.
- Natural disasters occur due to natural forces over which humans have little control.
2. Earthquakes and Tsunami
- An earthquake is a vibration of the earth's surface caused by the release of energy in the earth's crust.
- Earthquakes happen along fault lines.
- The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale.
3. Flash Floods and Flood Management
- A flash flood is rapid flooding of low-lying areas such as dry lakes, rivers, and basins.
- Flash floods may be caused by heavy rain, severe thunderstorms, hurricanes, tropical storms, or meltwater from ice or snow.
- The 2013 Uttarakhand flash floods caused about 375% more rainfall than the normal benchmark rainfall.
4. Man-Made Disasters and Major Examples
- Man-made disasters result from human intent, negligence, ignorance, unawareness, illiteracy, or carelessness.
- Reasons for man-made disasters include ignorance 52%, unawareness 20%, illiteracy 40%, and carelessness 42%.
- These percentages do not add to 100 because more than one cause can apply at the same time.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Disasters and disaster management
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