Struggle for Freedom (II) — Chapter Summary
ICSE · Class 8 · History & Civics
Summary of Struggle for Freedom (II) for ICSE Class 8 History & Civics. Part of the ICSE Class 8 History & Civics syllabus.
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Overview
The freedom struggle grew stronger as Indian leaders used protest, boycott, satyagraha, and mass movements against British rule. The chapter traces how the movement moved from limited reform demands to complete independence, and how different events such as the Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh tragedy,
Key Concepts
The Home Rule movement started
The Home Rule movement started in 1916 to attain self-Government under British control. Two Home Rule Leagues were formed, one under Bal Gangadhar Til
Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd
Mahatma Gandhi was born on 2nd October 1869 in Porbandar and returned to India in 1915. He used satyagraha, which means satya + agraha = satyagraha; (
Gandhiji led the Champaran movement against
Gandhiji led the Champaran movement against indigo planters in 1917, the Ahmedabad textile workers demanding a wage raise in 1918, and the Kheda peasa
The Rowlatt Act was passed
The Rowlatt Act was passed in March 1919. It allowed arrest without warrant and imprisonment without trial. It was called the Black Act.
On 13th April 1919 in Amritsar
On 13th April 1919 in Amritsar, a peaceful gathering was fired upon on the orders of General Dyer. About a thousand people were killed and two thousan
Learning Objectives
- Understand why Indians demanded self-government and complete independence
- Explain the role of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Annie Besant, and Mahatma Gandhi in building mass movements
- Describe the impact of the Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
- Explain how the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements united large sections of Indians
- Understand the importance of the Simon Commission and the Lahore Session of 1929
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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