India in the Eighteenth Century

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The Mughal Empire began to decline after Aurangzeb died in 1707. The main reasons were weak successors, rivalry among nobles, weak administration, foreign invasions, wars of succession, and Aurangzeb'…

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The six strong Mughal emperors were Babur, Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb. They are remembered for building and strengthening the empire.

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A war of succession is a war in which two or more princes claim the throne. Such wars weaken the empire because they cause conflict, waste money, and create instability.

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After Aurangzeb, the Mughal rulers became weak and depended on nobles and governors. They lacked strong administrative skills, so many nobles made their own independent kingdoms.

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There was constant struggle for power among the Iranian, Turani, and Hindustani nobles. This rivalry created political instability and weakened the central government.

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The jagirdari system was the assignment of land to officers in place of salary. The mansabdari system was the administrative system of the Mughal Empire. Both later became weak and helped cause the em…

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There were too few jagirs because they were given out carelessly. Mansabdars could not get good jagirs, so they had less reason to work efficiently. They also could not maintain enough troops, which w…

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Nadir Shah was the ruler of Iran. He invaded India in 1739 and defeated the Mughal army. He took away the Kohinoor Diamond and Shah Jahan's Peacock Throne.