Logarithms
ICSE · Class 9 · Mathematics
All formulas from Logarithms in ICSE Class 9 Mathematics. Key equations, constants, and identities for board exam preparation.
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Core Ideas
a^b = c ⇔ log_a c = b
log_a c = b ⇔ a^b = c
Basic Log Values
log_x 1 = 0
log_x x = 1
log_10 1000 = 3
log_3(1/9) = -2
log_a a^x = x
Laws of Logarithms
log_a(m × n) = log_a m + log_a n
log_x(m × n × p) = log_x m + log_x n + log_x p
log_a(m / n) = log_a m - log_a n
log_a(m)^n = n log_a m
log_a √[n]{m} = log_a m^(1/n) = (1/n) log_a m
Common Exam Patterns
log_a(m × n × p) = log_a m + log_a n + log_a p
log_10 2 + 1 = log_10 20
If log_a m = n, then a^n = m
If log_a x = b, then x = a^b
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