Climate

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Brazil has a wide range of climatic variations because of its vast latitudinal extent. Near the equator it is hot, while near the Tropic of Capricorn it has a temperate type of climate.

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Brazil gets rainfall from the South-East Trade Winds and the North-East Trade Winds. These winds bring moisture and help produce rain in different parts of the country.

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The escarpments of the Brazilian Highlands act as an obstruction to winds blowing from the sea. This forces the air to rise and causes orographic rainfall in the coastal region.

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The Drought Quadrilateral is the rain-shadow region in Brazil beyond the Brazilian Highlands. Rainfall is minimal there because the effect of the trade winds becomes weak after crossing the highlands.

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Average temperatures are lower in the southern part of Brazil. The climate also becomes cooler in the Highlands, while the northern part is hotter.

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The Amazon Valley has an average temperature of 25°C to 28°C. It is a hot region near the equator.

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The Amazon Valley receives around 2000 mm of rainfall. The north-eastern coast receives about 1000 to 1200 mm of rainfall.

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Tropical cyclones rarely visit the coasts of Brazil because the trade wind convergence zone is weak near the equatorial coastal region and the winds move mainly in the vertical direction.