Quadratic Equations
Maharashtra Board · Class 10 · Mathematics
Summary of Quadratic Equations for Maharashtra Board Class 10 Mathematics. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Overview
Notice that a quadratic equation can come from a simple area problem. If the breadth of a rectangular plot is x metre and the length is x + 10 metre, then the area becomes x(x + 10) = 200, which leads to x^2 + 10x - 200 = 0. This chapter connects such practical situations with methods of solving equ
Key Concepts
An equation involving one variable
An equation involving one variable with maximum index 2 and all indices as whole numbers is called a quadratic equation. Its general form is ax^2 + bx
A polynomial of degree 2
A polynomial of degree 2 is quadratic, while a polynomial of degree 1 is linear. Zero constant term does not stop a polynomial from being quadratic, a
If p(a) = 0 for
If p(a) = 0 for a polynomial p(x), then (x - a) is a factor of p(x), and a is a root or solution of p(x) = 0. Trial values must be checked carefully b
First find linear factors of
First find linear factors of the quadratic polynomial. Then use the zero product property: if the product of two numbers is zero, at least one of them
Rewrite the quadratic expression as
Rewrite the quadratic expression as a square of a binomial plus or minus a constant. For example, x^2 + 10x + 2 becomes (x + 5)^2 - 23, which can then
Learning Objectives
- Identify a quadratic equation and write it in general form ax^2 + bx + c = 0, with a, b, c real and a ≠ 0.
- Recognize quadratic and linear polynomials by their degree.
- Solve quadratic equations by factorisation, completing the square, and the quadratic formula.
- Find roots of a quadratic equation and check whether a trial value satisfies the equation.
- Use the discriminant Δ = b^2 - 4ac to decide the nature of roots.
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