Mathematical Methods — Formula Sheet

Ax = A cosθ, Ay = A sinθ for vector A⃗ at angle θ with x-axis

Scalars are physical quantities described only by magnitude and unit (like mass = 5 kg, temperature = 30°C, distance = 100 m).

Any vector can be broken into rectangular components

V = Vₓî + Vyĵ + Vzk̂ where Vₓ = V cos θₓ, Vy = V cos θy, Vz = V cos θz.

A⃗·B⃗ = AB cos θ = AₓBₓ + AyBy + AzBz.