Gravitation — Formula Sheet
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Physics
10 formulas from Gravitation (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Physics) on one page, grouped by topic. Part of the Maharashtra Board Class 11 Physics syllabus.
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Formulas and Key Relations
Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion
Law of Periods
Square of time period is proportional to cube of semi-major axis (T² ∝ r³)
Acceleration Due to Gravity and Its Variations
Acceleration due to gravity g = GM/R² at Earth's surface
Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity
Gravitational potential energy U = -GMm/r (taking U = 0 at r = ∞)
Near Earth's surface
ΔU = mgh for small heights h << R
Gravitational potential V = -GM/r (potential energy per unit mass)
Key relations
Every particle attracts every other particle with force F = Gm₁m₂/r², where G = 6.67×10⁻¹¹ N⋅m²/kg² is the universal gravitational constant.
Standard value g = 9.8 m/s² at Earth's surface.
U = -Gm₁m₂/r represents gravitational potential energy of two-mass system, with zero reference at infinite separation.
For small heights
ΔU = mgh.
vₑ = √(2GM/R) is minimum velocity needed to escape gravitational influence.
Full sheet with units and worked examples
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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