Mechanical Properties of Fluids — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Physics
25 flashcards for Mechanical Properties of Fluids (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is a fluid and what are its key characteristics?
Answer
A fluid is any substance that can flow and deforms continually under external force. Key characteristics: 1) Shear modulus is zero 2) Cannot resist shear stress 3) Takes shape of container 4) Includes…
State the four properties of an ideal fluid.
Answer
1) Incompressible: density is constant 2) Irrotational flow: smooth flow without turbulence 3) Non-viscous: no internal friction 4) Steady flow: velocity at each point is constant in time. Real fluids…
Define pressure and write its formula with units.
Answer
Pressure is the normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area. Formula: P = F/A, where F is force and A is area. SI unit: N/m² = Pascal (Pa). Dimension: [L⁻¹M¹T⁻²]. Other units: bar, torr, mmHg.
Derive the expression for pressure due to a liquid column of height h.
Answer
Consider a cylinder of liquid: Area A, height h, density ρ. Weight = mg = (Volume × density) × g = Ahρg. Pressure = Weight/Area = Ahρg/A = hρg. Therefore, P = hρg. This shows pressure depends only on …
What is atmospheric pressure and how is it measured?
Answer
Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of air column from any point to the top of atmosphere. At sea level: 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr = 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa. Measured using mercury baro…
Distinguish between absolute pressure and gauge pressure.
Answer
Absolute pressure = atmospheric pressure + pressure due to liquid column = P₀ + hρg. Gauge pressure = absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure = hρg. Gauge pressure measures excess pressure above atmo…
State Pascal's Law and give two practical applications.
Answer
Pascal's Law: Pressure applied at any point of an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted equally and undiminished to every point of the fluid and container walls. Applications: 1) Hydraulic lift: F₂ = …
A hydraulic lift has pistons of areas 0.1 m² and 2 m². If 500 N force is applied on smaller piston, find the force on larger piston.
Answer
Given: A₁ = 0.1 m², A₂ = 2 m², F₁ = 500 N. By Pascal's law: F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂. Therefore: F₂ = F₁ × (A₂/A₁) = 500 × (2/0.1) = 500 × 20 = 10,000 N = 10⁴ N. The force is magnified 20 times due to area ratio…
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