Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Physics
Flashcards for Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter — Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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What is the photoelectric effect? State the key observation that classical wave theory could not explain.
Answer
The photoelectric effect is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metal surface when electromagnetic radiation of appropriate frequency is incident on it. The key observation that classical w…
Define work function of a metal. What is its unit and typical range for common metals?
Answer
Work function (φ₀) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from the surface of a metal. Unit: electron volt (eV) or Joule (J). Typical range: 2-5 eV for common metals. For examp…
State Einstein's photoelectric equation and explain each term.
Answer
Einstein's photoelectric equation: KEₘₐₓ = hν - φ₀ Where: • KEₘₐₓ = maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons • h = Planck's constant (6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s) • ν = frequency of incident radiation • φ₀ = wo…
What is threshold frequency? Derive the expression for threshold frequency.
Answer
Threshold frequency (ν₀) is the minimum frequency of incident radiation below which no photoelectrons are emitted. At threshold frequency, KEₘₐₓ = 0. From Einstein's equation: 0 = hν₀ - φ₀ Therefore: …
Calculate the threshold wavelength for zinc if its work function is 3.6 eV. (Given: h = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s, c = 3 × 10⁸ m/s)
Answer
Given: φ₀ = 3.6 eV = 3.6 × 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ J = 5.76 × 10⁻¹⁹ J Threshold frequency: ν₀ = φ₀/h = (5.76 × 10⁻¹⁹)/(6.626 × 10⁻³⁴) = 8.69 × 10¹⁴ Hz Threshold wavelength: λ₀ = c/ν₀ = (3 × 10⁸)/(8.69 × 10¹⁴) = 3…
What is stopping potential? Derive the relation between stopping potential and incident frequency.
Answer
Stopping potential (V₀) is the minimum retarding potential that stops the most energetic photoelectrons from reaching the collector. At stopping potential: KEₘₐₓ = eV₀ From Einstein's equation: eV₀ = …
Light of wavelength 4000 Å falls on a potassium surface (work function = 2.3 eV). Calculate the maximum kinetic energy and stopping potential.
Answer
Given: λ = 4000 Å = 4 × 10⁻⁷ m, φ₀ = 2.3 eV Photon energy: E = hc/λ = (6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ × 3 × 10⁸)/(4 × 10⁻⁷) = 4.97 × 10⁻¹⁹ J = 3.11 eV Maximum kinetic energy: KEₘₐₓ = E - φ₀ = 3.11 - 2.3 = 0.81 eV Stop…
What is a photon? State its properties.
Answer
A photon is a quantum of electromagnetic energy. Properties of photons: 1. Energy E = hν 2. Momentum p = h/λ = E/c 3. Rest mass = 0 4. Always travels at speed of light c 5. Electrically neutral 6. Can…
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