Semiconductor Devices — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Physics
20 flashcards for Semiconductor Devices (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is rectification and what are the two main types of rectifier circuits?
Answer
Rectification is the conversion of AC voltage into DC voltage. The two main types are: 1. Half Wave Rectifier - Uses one diode, conducts only during positive half cycles, efficiency = 40.6% 2. Full Wa…
A 50 Hz AC supply is connected to (a) half wave rectifier and (b) full wave rectifier. What is the output frequency in each case?
Answer
(a) Half wave rectifier: Output frequency = 50 Hz Because only one pulse per AC cycle is obtained (b) Full wave rectifier: Output frequency = 100 Hz Because two pulses per AC cycle are obtained (one …
Define ripple factor and explain why it is important in rectifier circuits.
Answer
Ripple factor (γ) = (RMS value of AC component)/(DC component value) It measures the effectiveness of a rectifier. Lower ripple factor indicates: - Better rectification - More stable DC output - Less…
How does a capacitor filter work in a rectifier circuit?
Answer
Working principle: 1. Capacitor charges to peak voltage (Vp) during voltage rise 2. When rectifier voltage decreases, capacitor discharges through load 3. Voltage drops slightly until next peak rechar…
What is Zener breakdown and how does it differ from normal diode breakdown?
Answer
Zener Breakdown: - Occurs in heavily doped p-n junction diodes - High electric field breaks covalent bonds - Electrons freed for conduction - Voltage remains constant (VZ) with increasing current - Do…
Explain how a Zener diode acts as a voltage regulator.
Answer
Working Principle: 1. Zener diode connected in reverse bias with VZ < Vin 2. Series resistor Rs limits current 3. Load connected parallel to Zener Voltage Regulation: - If Vin increases → Current thr…
A 5V Zener diode with maximum power rating 2W is used in a voltage regulator with 12V input. Calculate: (a) Maximum Zener current (b) Minimum series resistance
Answer
Given: VZ = 5V, PZ = 2W, Vin = 12V (a) Maximum Zener current: IZ(max) = PZ/VZ = 2W/5V = 0.4 A = 400 mA (b) Minimum series resistance: Rs(min) = (Vin - VZ)/IZ(max) Rs(min) = (12 - 5)/0.4 = 7/0.4 = 17…
What is a photodiode and what is its working principle?
Answer
Photodiode: p-n junction diode that converts light energy into electrical energy Working Principle: 1. Operates in reverse bias mode 2. Light creates electron-hole pairs in depletion region 3. Electr…
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