Reproductive Health — Revision Notes
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Biology
Reproductive Health revision notes for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Biology: 4 topics in quick points. Includes Reproductive Health: Meaning, Population.
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Key Topics to Revise
1. Reproductive Health: Meaning and National Efforts
- Reproductive health is not limited to healthy reproductive organs; it also includes emotional and social well-being.
- WHO defines reproductive health as total well-being in physical, emotional, behavioural, and social aspects of reproduction.
- India was among the first countries to start national-level reproductive health action through family planning programmes in 1951.
2. Population Explosion and Birth Control
- Better health care and living conditions caused rapid population growth.
- The world population rose from about 2 billion in 1900 to about 6 billion by 2000 and 7.2 billion in 2011.
- India’s population rose from about 350 million at independence to nearly 1 billion by 2000 and crossed 1.2 billion in May 2011.
3. Natural and Barrier Methods of Contraception
- Natural methods work by preventing the meeting of ovum and sperm.
- Periodic abstinence means avoiding coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle.
- Withdrawal or coitus interruptus means the male partner withdraws the penis just before ejaculation.
4. Intra Uterine Devices, Oral Contraceptives, and Emergency Methods
- IUDs are inserted into the uterus by doctors or expert nurses through the vagina.
- Non-medicated IUD example: Lippes loop.
- Copper releasing IUDs include CuT, Cu7, and Multiload 375.
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