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The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi — Syllabus

NIOS · Class 12 · Biology

What The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi covers in NIOS Class 12 Biology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

45 questions24 flashcards5 concepts

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A step-by-step flowchart illustrating the process of binary fission in bacteria, showing the replication of DNA and subsequent division of the cell into two daughter cells.
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4 Topics · NIOS Class 12 Biology · 2026-27

Topics in The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi

1

2.1 Kingdom Monera - Prokaryotic Organisms

  • Monera is the ONLY prokaryotic kingdom - lacks true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
  • Includes bacteria, archaebacteria, eubacteria, and cyanobacteria
  • Unicellular or filamentous (some actinomycetes are multicellular)
2

2.2 Kingdom Protoctista - Unicellular Eukaryotes

  • Protoctists are unicellular eukaryotes with membrane-bound organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, ER, Golgi, chloroplasts in photosynthetic forms)
  • Includes protozoa, diatoms, and unicellular algae
  • Possess nuclear membrane enclosing chromosomes - fundamentally different from Monera
3

2.3 Kingdom Fungi - Heterotrophic Eukaryotes

  • Fungi are eukaryotic heterotrophs - cannot produce own food, absorb organic matter
  • Body composed of slender filaments called hyphae (unicellular or multicellular with nuclei)
  • Cell walls made of chitin (NOT cellulose like plants)
4

Comparative Analysis and Classification

  • MONERA vs PROTOCTISTA: Monera = prokaryotic (no nucleus), Protoctista = eukaryotic (true nucleus)
  • MONERA vs PROTOCTISTA: Monera = 70S ribosomes, Protoctista = 80S ribosomes
  • MONERA vs PROTOCTISTA: Monera = no organelles, Protoctista = membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, ER, Golgi, chloroplasts)

Key Concepts

Kingdom Monera includes all bacteriaA bacterial cell consistsBacteria exhibit four nutritional categoriesBacteria reproduce asexually through binary fissionCyanobacteria (formerly called blue

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi for NIOS Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi include 1 Kingdom Monera - Prokaryotic Organisms, 2 Kingdom Protoctista - Unicellular Eukaryotes, 3 Kingdom Fungi - Heterotrophic Eukaryotes, Comparative Analysis and Classification. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the NIOS Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi for the NIOS Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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