The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista And Fungi
NIOS · Class 12 · Biology
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See them allWhat are the main characteristics that define Kingdom Monera?
Answer
Kingdom Monera includes all bacteria and cyanobacteria. Key characteristics: (1) Prokaryotic organisms - lack a true nucleus with nuclear membrane; (2) Unicellular, though some are multicellular and f…
What is the significance of peptidoglycan in bacterial cells?
Answer
Peptidoglycan is a unique chemical compound found exclusively in bacterial cell walls. Its significance includes: (1) It is a complex polymer made of polysaccharides and amino acids; (2) It provides s…
Describe the structure and function of pili and flagella in bacteria.
Answer
Both are appendages that project from the bacterial cell wall, but serve different purposes: PILI: (1) Short, thin, thread-like tubular structures; (2) Help bacteria attach to surfaces and other cells…
How does binary fission in bacteria differ from mitosis in eukaryotes?
Answer
BINARY FISSION (Bacteria): (1) Asexual reproduction method; (2) The single circular chromosome attaches to the cell membrane; (3) DNA replicates, creating two identical copies; (4) The cell elongates …
What is bacterial conjugation and what is the role of the F-factor?
Answer
BACTERIAL CONJUGATION: (1) A primitive form of sexual recombination in bacteria; (2) Two bacterial cells come into close contact and are held together by pili; (3) A segment of DNA (or plasmid) is tra…
Name three bacteria that cause diseases in humans and the diseases they cause.
Answer
Three disease-causing bacteria: (1) VIBRIO CHOLERAE - causes Cholera, a severe diarrheal disease transmitted through contaminated water, leading to severe dehydration; (2) SALMONELLA TYPHI - causes Ty…
How do beneficial bacteria like Rhizobium and Azotobacter contribute to soil fertility?
Answer
RHIZOBIUM: (1) Found in the root nodules of legume plants (peas, grams, pulses); (2) Forms a symbiotic relationship with the plant; (3) Fixes atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) from the air into ammonia (NH₃);…
What were cyanobacteria formerly called and why are they significant in Earth's history?
Answer
FORMER NAME: Cyanobacteria were previously called blue-green algae due to their blue-green coloration caused by the presence of photosynthetic pigments. HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: (1) Among the most suc…
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