Spontaneity Of Chemical Reactions — Formula Sheet
NIOS · Class 12 · Chemistry
3 formulas from Spontaneity Of Chemical Reactions (NIOS Class 12 Chemistry) on one page, grouped by topic. Part of the NIOS Class 12 Chemistry syllabus.
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Formulas and Key Relations
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
For a spontaneous process
ΔS_universe = ΔS_system + ΔS_surroundings > 0
At equilibrium
ΔS_universe = 0 (no net change)
Key relations
The third law states that the entropy of a pure, perfectly crystalline solid at absolute zero (0 K) is zero (S = 0).
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