NIOS Class 12 Computer Science — Flashcards for Quick Revision

A: A computer is an electronic machine that takes input, processes it, and produces the desired output. The four basic functions are: (1) Accept input from devices like keyboard and mouse, (2) Process in

A: To find total bytes: 256 KB × 1024 bytes/KB = 262,144 bytes. This memory can store 262,144 characters or data units. Remember: Memory capacity is directly proportional to the number of bytes it can ho

A: Primary memory (RAM) is fast but temporary and expensive. It holds data and programs currently being used by the CPU. Secondary memory (hard disk) is slower but permanent and cheaper. It stores large

A: A binary number system uses only two digits: 0 and 1 (base 2). Computers use binary because: 1. Electronic components have two stable states (ON/OFF, HIGH/LOW) 2. These states map naturally to 0 and 1

A: Using successive division by 2: 25 ÷ 2 = 12 remainder 1 (LSB) 12 ÷ 2 = 6 remainder 0 6 ÷ 2 = 3 remainder 0 3 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 1 1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1 (MSB) Reading remainders from bottom to top: (25

A: Octal (Oct) Number System: - Base: 8 - Digits used: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 - Why used: More compact representation than binary - Example: (17)₈ = 1×8 + 7 = 15 in decimal Hexadecimal (Hex) Number Syst

A: Computer software is a complete set of instructions written to solve a specific problem on a computer. It refers to the set of computer programs that cause the hardware (computer system) to function i

A: Computer software is classified into two main categories: (1) System Software - General programs written by manufacturers that manage hardware and help the computer function (examples: Operating Syste

A: An Operating System (OS) is the most important system software that manages all computer resources and enables the computer to function. Major functions include: (1) User identification and resource m