Plant Kingdom
Punjab Board · Class 11 · Biology
Flashcards for Plant Kingdom — Punjab Board Class 11 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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Get startedWhat are algae and what are their main characteristics?
Answer
Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid, autotrophic organisms that are largely aquatic. Key characteristics include: (1) Can be unicellular, colonial, or filamentous in form; (2) Contain well…
Compare the three classes of algae (Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, and Rhodophyceae) in terms of pigments and habitat.
Answer
Chlorophyceae (Green algae): Contain chlorophyll a and b, giving them a grass-green color; mostly freshwater and some brackish/marine habitats; store food as starch. Phaeophyceae (Brown algae): Contai…
Explain the three types of sexual reproduction in algae with examples.
Answer
Three types of sexual reproduction in algae based on gamete characteristics: (1) Isogamous - fusion of two similar-sized flagellated or non-flagellated gametes, e.g., Ulothrix and Spirogyra. Both game…
Why are bryophytes called 'amphibians of the plant kingdom'?
Answer
Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they share characteristics of both aquatic and terrestrial plants. They can survive on land and possess soil-binding structures (rhizoids)…
What is the main structural difference between the plant body of bryophytes and pteridophytes?
Answer
Bryophytes: The plant body is thalloid (flat and ribbon-like) or leaf-like and lacks true roots, stem, and leaves. Instead, they have rhizoids (root-like structures for absorption and attachment), and…
Define gemmae and explain their role in liverwort reproduction.
Answer
Gemmae (singular: gemma) are green, multicellular, asexual buds that develop in small cup-like receptacles called gemma cups located on liverwort thalli. They function in asexual (vegetative) reproduc…
Describe the protonema stage in moss development and its significance.
Answer
The protonema is the first stage of the moss gametophyte that develops directly from a spore. Characteristics: (1) It is a creeping, green, branched, and frequently filamentous structure that resemble…
Why are pteridophytes considered the first truly terrestrial vascular plants?
Answer
Pteridophytes are the first truly terrestrial vascular plants for several reasons: (1) They possess true vascular tissues - xylem for water transport and phloem for food transport - which enable effic…
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