Statistics and Probability

These are single values that represent

These are single values that represent the entire dataset. The arithmetic mean (average) is calculated by dividing the sum of all observations by the

Range is the simplest measure

Range is the simplest measure of dispersion, calculated as R = L - S (largest minus smallest value). However, range only considers extreme values and

Variance (σ²) is the mean

Variance (σ²) is the mean of squared deviations from the mean: σ² = Σ(xᵢ - x̄)²/n. Standard deviation (σ) is the positive square root of variance: σ =

CV = (σ/x̄) × 100%

CV = (σ/x̄) × 100%, a relative measure of dispersion expressed as a percentage. It allows comparison of two datasets with different units or different

A random experiment is a process

A random experiment is a process with known possible outcomes but unknown actual outcome. Examples: tossing a coin, rolling a die. The sample space (S