Nitrogen Metabolism — Chapter Summary
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
Summary of Nitrogen Metabolism for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Part of the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology syllabus.
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Overview
Nitrogen is a vital element for life because it forms part of essential biomolecules like amino acids and nucleic acids. However, most organisms cannot use atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) directly. The nitrogen cycle ensures that nitrogen is converted into usable forms through various physical, chemical,
Key Concepts
The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen
The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃) or related compounds. It occurs through abiotic methods like lightning and indu
Rhizobium bacteria live in root nodules
Rhizobium bacteria live in root nodules of leguminous plants like gram, pea, and bean. They convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. The host plant
Plants absorb nitrates (NO₃⁻) from
Plants absorb nitrates (NO₃⁻) from the soil and reduce them to nitrites (NO₂⁻) using nitrate reductase, then to ammonia (NH₃) using nitrite reductase.
Ammonia is incorporated into organic molecules
Ammonia is incorporated into organic molecules through two main processes: Reductive amination, where α-ketoglutaric acid combines with ammonia to for
Learning Objectives
- Describe the kinds of physical and biological nitrogen fixation.
- Know the steps involved in nitrogen fixation by free-living organisms.
- Explain the mode of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes.
- Describe the assimilation of nitrate and ammonia by plants.
- Explain amino acid synthesis in plants.
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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