External Morphology - Plants — Chapter Summary
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
Summary of External Morphology - Plants for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. The external morphology of plants refers to the study.
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Overview
The external morphology of plants refers to the study of the shape, structure, and function of various external parts of a plant. In flowering plants, the body is divided into two main systems: the root system and the shoot system. The root system lies underground and anchors the plant, while the sh
Key Concepts
The root is the underground part
The root is the underground part of the plant that develops from the radicle. It has four regions: meristematic zone (cell division), elongation zone
The stem is the aerial part
The stem is the aerial part that develops from the plumule. It bears leaves, flowers, and fruits. It can be modified for food storage (e.g., potato, g
Leaves are lateral
Leaves are lateral, green, photosynthetic organs. A typical leaf has a leaf base, petiole, and lamina. Venation is either reticulate (dicots) or paral
Inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers
Inflorescence is the arrangement of flowers on the stem. It can be racemose (acropetal), cymose (basipetal), or special. A flower has four whorls: cal
Placentation refers to the arrangement
Placentation refers to the arrangement of ovules inside the ovary. Types include marginal (pea), axile (hibiscus), parietal (mustard), free central (p
Learning Objectives
- Define and identify root and its regions
- Distinguish between tap and adventitious root systems
- Describe modifications of roots, stems, and leaves
- Explain the structure and functions of the stem and leaf
- Understand phyllotaxy and types of venation
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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