Nitrogen Metabolism
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Biology
Complete topic list for Nitrogen Metabolism in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Nitrogen Metabolism
Nitrogen Cycle Overview
- The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, soil, and living organisms.
- It consists of five main steps: Nitrogen Fixation, Nitrogen Assimilation, Ammonification, Nitrification, and Denitrification.
- Atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) is inert and must be 'fixed' into ammonia (NH₃) or nitrates (NO₃⁻) before plants can absorb it.
Nitrogen Fixation
- Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃).
- It occurs through abiological (non-living) and biological methods.
- Abiological fixation happens during lightning or via the industrial Haber process.
Nitrogen Assimilation and Amino Acid Synthesis
- Plants absorb nitrogen in the form of nitrates (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₄⁺) from the soil.
- Nitrates are reduced to nitrites (NO₂⁻) by nitrate reductase, then to ammonia by nitrite reductase.
- Ammonia is incorporated into amino acids via two main processes: Reductive Amination and Transamination.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Nitrogen Metabolism
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