Internal Trade — Syllabus
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Business Studies
What Internal Trade covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Business Studies: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
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Topics in Internal Trade
Meaning and Features of Internal Trade
- Internal trade occurs within the domestic boundaries of a country.
- Payment is made in the local currency.
- It involves transactions between producers, consumers, and middlemen.
Classification of Internal Trade: Wholesale and Retail
- Internal trade is classified into wholesale trade and retail trade based on the volume of goods traded.
- Wholesale trade involves buying in bulk from producers and selling in smaller quantities to retailers.
- Retail trade involves selling goods directly to final consumers in small quantities.
Role and Services of Wholesalers
- Wholesalers buy in bulk and sell in smaller lots to retailers.
- They provide warehousing, transportation, financing, and market information.
- They bear risks like price fluctuations, damage, and bad debts.
Role and Services of Retailers
- Retailers sell directly to consumers and offer services like home delivery and consumer education.
- They maintain regular stock and provide a wide choice of brands and products.
- They act as a feedback channel for manufacturers about consumer preferences.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Internal Trade
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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