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Agriculture Sector — Syllabus

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Economics

What Agriculture Sector covers in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Economics: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

46 questions25 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Economics · 2026-27

Topics in Agriculture Sector

1

Importance and Growth of Agriculture in the Indian Economy

  • Agriculture contributes 17.4% to India's GDP (2017-18), down from 56.5% in 1950-51.
  • It provides employment to about 42% of the workforce (2020), though this is declining slowly.
  • Agriculture supplies raw materials to industries like sugar, jute, textiles, and food processing.
2

Low Productivity in Agriculture

  • India's crop yields are lower than global leaders — wheat yield is 48% of UK’s, rice yield is 53% of China’s.
  • Reasons for low productivity are categorized into common, organizational, and technical causes.
  • Common causes: Social environment (illiteracy, superstition), population pressure on land, and soil fertility degradation.
3

Land Reforms in India

  • Land reforms aim to ensure social justice and increase agricultural productivity by restructuring land ownership.
  • Main components: Removal of intermediaries, tenancy reforms, land ceiling, consolidation of holdings, and cooperative farming.
  • Removal of intermediaries: Ended zamindari system; land transferred to actual cultivators.
4

Green Revolution in India

  • Introduced in mid-1960s using High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of wheat and rice, supported by fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation.
  • Father of Green Revolution globally: Norman Borlaug; in India: M.S. Swaminathan.
  • Led to massive increase in food grain production — wheat rose from 11.1 million tons (1960-61) to 95.85 million tons (2013-14).

Key Concepts

Central concept: Agriculture Sector in the Indian Economy

Importance of AgricultureLow Productivity in AgricultureMeasures to Increase ProductivityLand Reforms in IndiaGreen RevolutionNegative Impacts of Green RevolutionAgricultural Credit and IndebtednessAgricultural Marketing

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Agriculture Sector for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Economics?
Key topics in Agriculture Sector include Importance and Growth of Agriculture in the Indian Economy, Low Productivity in Agriculture, Land Reforms in India, Green Revolution in India. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Agriculture Sector for the Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 46 practice questions on Agriculture Sector. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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