Matrices
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Mathematics
Quick revision notes for Matrices — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Mathematics. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Key Topics to Revise
Matrix Basics and Order
- A matrix is a rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns.
- The order of a matrix is denoted as \( m imes n \), where \( m \) is the number of rows and \( n \) is the number of columns.
- An element in the \( i^{th} \) row and \( j^{th} \) column is denoted by \( a_{ij} \).
Types of Matrices
- Row Matrix: Only one row, e.g., \( [1\ 2\ 3] \).
- Column Matrix: Only one column, e.g., \( \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \end{bmatrix} \).
- Square Matrix: Number of rows equals number of columns.
Matrix Operations
- Two matrices can be added only if they have the same order.
- Matrix addition is commutative and associative.
- Scalar multiplication involves multiplying every element by a constant.
Transpose, Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices
- The transpose of a matrix \( A \), denoted \( A' \) or \( A^T \), is formed by interchanging its rows and columns.
- A square matrix \( A \) is symmetric if \( A' = A \).
- A square matrix \( A \) is skew-symmetric if \( A' = -A \).
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