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Major Social Problems in India – Poverty, Unemployment, Population Explosion, Environmental Degradation

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Sociology

Quick revision notes for Major Social Problems in India – Poverty, Unemployment, Population Explosion, Environmental Degradation — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Sociology. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

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Key Topics to Revise

1

Poverty

  • Poverty is the inability to meet basic needs like food, shelter, clothing, healthcare, and education.
  • It is caused by population growth, rising prices, unemployment, unequal wealth distribution, and illiteracy.
  • There are three types of poverty: Absolute, Relative, and Subjective.
2

Unemployment

  • Unemployment is when a person who is willing and able to work cannot find a job.
  • Main causes include slow economic growth, overpopulation, outdated education, and lack of skills.
  • Types of unemployment: Open, Disguised, Underemployment, Casual, Seasonal, Structural, Cyclical, and Chronic.
3

Population Explosion

  • Population explosion means rapid growth of population beyond the economy’s capacity to support it.
  • India has overtaken China as the most populous country with over 1.4 billion people.
  • Main causes: high birth rate, low death rate, early marriage, poverty, and lack of family planning.
4

Environmental Degradation

  • Environmental degradation is the deterioration of natural resources like air, water, and soil.
  • Main forms: pollution, deforestation, land erosion, habitat loss, and species extinction.
  • Causes include industrialization, overpopulation, deforestation, and pollution.

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Key Concepts

Poverty is the condition of lackingUnemployment occurs when a person whoPopulation explosion refers to rapid populationIt is the deterioration of

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Major Social Problems in India – Poverty, Unemployment, Population Explosion, Environmental Degradation for Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Sociology?
Major Social Problems in India – Poverty, Unemployment, Population Explosion, Environmental Degradation covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Major Social Problems in India – Poverty, Unemployment, Population Explosion, Environmental Degradation — Telangana Open School (TOSS) Class 12 Sociology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 44 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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