How Much Can We Spend? (Money)

Given: Cost of one ball = ₹20.

Riya's coins (₹5 each):
Number of ₹5 coins needed = ₹20 ÷ ₹5 = 4 coins
$$5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20$$
So Riya gives 4 coins of ₹5.

Sahil's notes (₹10 each):
Number of ₹10 notes needed = ₹20 ÷ ₹10 = 2 notes
$$10 + 10 = 20$$
So Sahil gives 2 notes of ₹10.

Given: Amount available = ₹10.

We look for toys whose price is ₹10 or less than ₹10.

*(Note: The toy price list is shown in the images. Based on the standard version of this NCERT chapter, toys priced at ₹10 or below — such as a top (lattu) priced at ₹5 and a ball priced at ₹10 — can be bought.)*

Answer: Toys that cost ₹10 or less can be bought with ₹10. For example: a top (lattu) (₹5) and a ball (₹10). (Write the names of toys from your textbook's price list that cost ₹10 or less.)

Given: Amount available = ₹20.

We look for toys whose price is ₹20 or less than ₹20.

*(Note: Based on the standard NCERT price list shown in the chapter images, toys priced up to ₹20 — such as a top (₹5), a ball (₹10), a kite (₹15), and a car (₹20) — can be bought.)*

Answer: All toys that cost ₹20 or less can be bought with ₹20. For example: top, ball, kite, car. (Write the names of toys from your textbook's price list that cost ₹20 or less.)

Given:
- Cost of car = ₹14
- Money Riya has = ₹10

Concept: To find how much more money is needed, we subtract the money she has from the cost of the car.

Working:
$$\text{Extra money needed} = \text{Cost of car} - \text{Money Riya has}$$
$$= 14 - 10 = 4$$

Answer: Riya needs ₹4 more to buy the car.

Given: Total money = ₹30.

We look for toys whose price is ₹30 or less.

*(Note: Based on the standard NCERT price list in this chapter, all toys priced up to ₹30 can be purchased.)*

Working: Any toy that costs ₹30 or less can be bought.
$$\text{Total money} = ₹30$$

Answer: Riya and Sahil can buy toys such as a top (₹5), a ball (₹10), a kite (₹15), a car (₹20), and any other toy priced up to ₹30. (Write the names from your textbook's price list that cost ₹30 or less.)

Concept: Add the values of all the notes and coins shown in the picture to find the total amount.

Method (general steps a student should follow):

Step 1: Look at each note/coin shown in the image.
Step 2: Write down the value of each note/coin.
Step 3: Add all the values together.
$$\text{Total} = \text{Value}_1 + \text{Value}_2 + \text{Value}_3 + \ldots$$
Step 4: Match the total with the given options and tick the correct one.

*(Since the currency images are not visible in the OCR, students should apply the above steps to each set of currency shown in their textbook and tick the matching total amount.)*

Answer: Add all notes and coins shown, then tick the option that matches the total.

Concept: The same amount of money can be made in more than one way using different notes and coins. This is called making combinations.

Example — How to make ₹20 in different combinations:

| Combination | Notes/Coins Used |
|---|---|
| 1 | One ₹20 note |
| 2 | Two ₹10 notes |
| 3 | Four ₹5 coins |
| 4 | One ₹10 note + two ₹5 coins |

Verification for Combination 4:
$$10 + 5 + 5 = 20 ✓$$

Steps to solve any such question:
1. Note the amount to be shown.
2. Think of notes and coins available (₹1, ₹2, ₹5, ₹10, ₹20).
3. Choose different groups of notes/coins that add up to the given amount.
4. Draw or fill in the boxes with those notes/coins.

*(Students should apply these steps to each amount shown in their textbook images and draw/fill the appropriate currency in the boxes provided.)*

Concept: Two different groups of coins/notes that add up to the same total amount should be matched together.

Steps:
1. Add up the value of all coins/notes in the left group.
2. Add up the value of all coins/notes in each right group.
3. Draw a line from the left group to the right group that has the same total.

Example:
- Left side: Two ₹5 coins → $5 + 5 = ₹10$
- Right side: One ₹10 note → $₹10$
- These are equal, so draw a line between them.

*(Since the images are not visible, students should apply the above method to the actual coins/notes shown in their textbook for part A and draw the matching line.)*

Concept: Find the total of each group and match equal totals.

Steps:
1. Count and add the value of coins/notes on the left side.
2. Count and add the value of coins/notes on each option on the right side.
3. Draw a line connecting the left group to the right group with the same total.

Example:
- Left side: One ₹10 note + one ₹5 coin → $10 + 5 = ₹15$
- Right side: Three ₹5 coins → $5 + 5 + 5 = ₹15$
- These match → draw a line.

*(Apply this method to the actual images in your textbook for part B.)*

Concept: Find the total of each group and match equal totals.

Steps:
1. Add the value of all coins/notes shown on the left.
2. Add the value of all coins/notes shown on each right-side option.
3. Draw a line from the left group to the right group whose total is equal.

Example:
- Left side: Two ₹10 notes → $10 + 10 = ₹20$
- Right side: Four ₹5 coins → $5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = ₹20$
- These match → draw a line.

*(Apply this method to the actual images in your textbook for part C.)*

Points to discuss:

1. When we save money, we can use it later when we really need something important.
2. Saving helps us buy things that cost more money, like books, toys, or gifts.
3. We can keep saved money in a gullak (piggy bank) at home.
4. Saving money is a good habit because it teaches us to be careful and responsible with money.
5. Even saving a small amount every day adds up to a big amount over time.

Example: If you save ₹2 every day, in 10 days you will have:
$$2 \times 10 = ₹20$$

Conclusion: Saving money is a very good habit. It helps us in times of need and teaches us the value of money.

Steps to make a Gullak (Piggy Bank):

1. Take a spare box (like an empty matchbox, shoebox, or any small cardboard box).
2. Ask an elder or sibling to help you cut a small slot (opening) on the top of the box — just big enough for a coin to pass through.
3. Decorate the box with colours, stickers, or drawings to make it look nice.
4. Your gullak is ready!

How to use it:
- Drop coins or small notes into the slot every day.
- Do not open it until you have saved enough for something you want.

What we learn: This activity teaches us the value of saving money and being responsible. It also shows us how small savings grow into a bigger amount over time.

Example: If you put ₹1 in your gullak every day for 30 days:
$$1 \times 30 = ₹30$$
You will have ₹30 saved at the end of the month!