Towards Modernisation: Timeline 4 (C. 1700 To 2000)
CBSE · Class 11 · History
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Key Topics to Revise
1. The idea of modernisation
- Modernisation is linked to major changes in economy, politics, and society.
- The American Revolution and the French Revolution are key political revolutions that transformed subjects into citizens.
- The Industrial Revolution created new forms of production and changed the structure of work, trade, and daily life.
2. Industrialisation and its different paths
- Britain was the world's first industrial nation.
- In Britain, coal and cotton textile industries formed the first phase of industrialisation.
- Railways marked the second stage of industrialisation in Britain.
3. Colonialism, settler societies, and indigenous resistance
- European powers colonised parts of America, Asia, and South Africa before the Industrial Revolution.
- Settlers often tried to buy, sell, and own everything, including land and water.
- Indigenous peoples had different ideas of nature, ownership, and exchange.
4. Nationalism and the idea of citizenship
- Nationalist movements believe political power should rest with the people.
- Civic nationalism defines nationhood by citizenship, not by ethnicity or religion.
- Ethnic and religious nationalism define the people through shared ethnicity, religion, or traditions.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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