Marketing
CBSE · Class 12 · Business Studies
Quick revision notes for Marketing — CBSE Class 12 Business Studies. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Meaning and Nature of Marketing
- Marketing is often confused with shopping, selling, or merchandising, but it is a much broader concept.
- Marketing includes activities performed before production, during production, and after sale.
- A need is a state of felt deprivation.
Marketing Management and Philosophies
- Marketing management means planning, organising, directing, and controlling marketing activities.
- The aim is to achieve desired exchange outcomes with target markets.
- Philip Kotler defined marketing management as the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers through creating, delivering, and communicating superior custom
Functions of Marketing and Marketing Mix
- Marketing functions include gathering market information, marketing planning, product designing and development, standardisation and grading, packaging and labelling, branding, customer support servic
- The four Ps of marketing mix are Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.
- Product includes goods, services, and anything of value offered to the market.
Classification of Products
- Products are broadly classified into consumer products and industrial products.
- Consumer products are bought by ultimate consumers for personal use.
- Industrial products are used as inputs in producing other products.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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