Understanding Data

To perform these services, the following data need to be maintained:

a) Declare exam results and print e-certificates
- Student name
- Roll number
- Class/section
- Subject-wise marks/grades
- Total marks/percentage
- Result status (pass/fail)
- Certificate details such as certificate number and year

b) Register participants in an exhibition and issue biometric ID cards
- Participant name
- Age
- Gender
- Address/contact details
- Exhibition category/role
- Photograph
- Biometric details such as fingerprint/iris data
- ID card number

c) To search for an image by a search engine
- Image file/URL
- Image name or title
- Keywords/tags
- Metadata such as image size, format, resolution, and description

d) To book an OPD appointment with a hospital in a specific department
- Patient name
- Age and gender
- Contact details
- Patient ID/registration number
- Department name
- Doctor name, if any
- Date and time of appointment
- Symptoms/reason for visit

To prepare the list of eligible students, the school should follow these data processing steps:

1. Collect data of all 500 students from school records.
2. Maintain the needed fields such as:
- Student name
- Class/section
- Marks/percentage in two consecutive years
- Family income
3. Store the data in a file or database.
4. Process the data using conditions:
- percentage more than 75% in the first year
- percentage more than 75% in the second year
- family income less than 5 lakh per annum
5. Filter the records that satisfy all three conditions.
6. Prepare the final list of beneficiaries and use it for scholarship selection.

So, the school should use data processing to sort, filter and summarise the student records to obtain the eligible list.

The bank should first collect data from the residents of city ABC. The needed data may include:

- Family name
- Number of bank accounts held by each family
- Name of bank(s) used
- Account holder name
- Average monthly account balance of each person
- Address/locality, if needed

### Steps for collecting data
1. Gather information from a survey of families in the city.
2. Store the data in a structured form such as a spreadsheet, file, or database.
3. Group the records family-wise and person-wise.

### Results that can be checked through processing
- Popularity of the bank among residents by checking how many families have accounts in bank xyz.
- Number of accounts per family.
- Average monthly balance per person.
- Comparison of balances across families or localities.
- Overall customer strength and usage pattern of the bank in city ABC.

By processing the collected data, the bank can analyse its popularity and customer behavior.

The type of data in each scenario is:

a) Recording a video → Unstructured data

b) Marking attendance by teacher → Structured data

c) Writing tweets → Unstructured data

d) Filling an application form online → Structured data

Recording video and tweets do not follow a fixed row-column format, while attendance and online forms have fixed fields.

Given temperatures: $34, 34, 27, 28, 27, 34, 34$

a) Find the average temperature → use Mean

b) Find the temperature range → use Range

c) Find the standard deviation temperature → use Standard Deviation

So the appropriate techniques are Mean, Range, and Standard Deviation respectively.

a) Compare performance in terms of division secured by students in Class XII A and Class XII B where each class strength is same.
- Use Mean.
- Since both classes have the same strength, the average division secured will give a fair comparison.

b) Teacher has conducted five unit tests for that class in months July to November and wants to compare the class performance in these five months.
- Use Median or Mean depending on the data, but for comparing overall class performance across the months, Mean is suitable.
- If the question is about the central performance of each test, then mean gives the average marks for each month.

So, the suitable techniques are Mean for comparing the average performance of the two classes and across the five tests.

a) To find out the number of students whose both parents are alumni of the school, use counting/frequency from the collected data.

b) To find how varied the age of parents is, use Range or Standard Deviation. Since the question asks how varied the ages are, Standard Deviation is the better measure because it shows spread around the mean.