CBSE Class 12 Geography — NCERT Solutions

According to the chapter, India’s total population in the 2011 Census was 1,210 million. So the correct option is (d).

From the chapter, the density of population is highest in Bihar (1102 persons per sq km) among the states listed. So the correct option is (d).

The statement that does not describe geography is “not relevant in the present time due to the development of technology.” Geography is still relevant because it studies the earth as the home of human beings and the relationship between people, environment, space, and time.

The source that is not a geographical information source is samples of rock materials from the moon. The chapter mentions traveller’s accounts, old maps, and ancient epics as sources of geographical information.

A number or character which represents a measurement is called data. The chapter defines data as numbers that represent measurements from the real world.

A datum is a single measurement from the real world. So the correct option is (c) Real world.

From the chapter, Agra, Patna, and Kolkata are river-bank towns, while Bhopal is not mentioned as one. So the town not located on a river bank is Bhopal.

The continent with the highest growth of population among the given options is Africa.

The measure of central tendency that does not get affected by extreme values is the median. In the chapter, median is described as a positional average, so very large or very small values do not change it much. Therefore, the correct option is (d) Median.

The chapter lists land-use categories such as forests, barren and wastelands, non-agricultural uses, permanent pastures, miscellaneous tree crops and groves, culturable wasteland, current fallow, fallow other than current fallow, and net area sown. Marginal land is not one of these categories.

Development means a qualitative change that is always value positive. So the best description is a positive change in quality.

A dot map is used to show the distribution of phenomena like population, cattle and crops. The chapter states that population distribution is suitably represented on dot maps.

Water is a non-living component of nature, so it is an abiotic resource.

Wheat is not a plantation crop. Plantation crops mentioned in the chapter include coffee, sugarcane, rubber, tea, cocoa, cotton, oil palm, bananas and pineapples.

The spatial data are characterised by positional, linear and areal forms of appearance. So the correct alternative is all the above forms.

The chapter states that the major oil fields are in Assam (Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran are important oil-producing areas). So the correct option is (a) Assam.

The wrong statement is (b) because sugar, cotton textiles and vegetable oils are not footloose industries. Footloose industries can be located in a wide variety of places and are not dependent on specific raw materials; examples are generally industries like electronics and some high-tech activities.

Regional planning means planning for a particular area to reduce regional imbalance in development. So it relates to an area-specific approach of development.

Option (b) is correct.

Tertiary activities are service activities, and trade is one of them. Among farming, weaving, trading, and hunting, only trading belongs to the service sector.

The Indian Railways system has been divided into 17 zones.

The chapter states that the Trans-Continental Stuart Highway connects Darwin and Melbourne via Tennant Creek and Alice Springs. So the correct option is (a).

Trade between two countries is called international trade. In the options given, this matches (c) International trade.

Correct Answer: (c) Comprehensive Ports

Justification: Most of the world's great ports handle a large variety of goods — both imports and exports — and serve diverse functions including commercial, industrial, and passenger traffic. Such ports are called Comprehensive Ports. Examples include London, Mumbai, and New York.

The chapter states that the Yamuna is one of the highly polluted rivers, especially in the stretch from Delhi to the confluence with Chambal. So the correct option is (c) Yamuna.