International Law — Syllabus
CBSE · Class 12 · Legal Studies
What International Law covers in CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies syllabus.
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Topics in International Law
Historical Evolution and Nature of International Law
- Term 'International Law' coined by Jeremy Bentham in 1780
- Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) - founding father of modern international law
- Emphasized freedom of high seas and laws of war and peace
Types of International Law
- Public International Law: regulates relations between states
- Private International Law (Conflict of Laws): governs interstate interactions of private parties
- Public IL covers: peace, security, trade, human rights, environment, crimes
Sources of International Law
- Article 38(1) ICJ Statute - authoritative source listing
- Primary sources: Treaties, Customary law, General principles
- Secondary sources: Judicial decisions, teachings of publicists
International Human Rights Law
- Developed significantly after World War II
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights - foundational document (non-binding)
- ICCPR Article 4 - non-derogable rights (life, freedom of thought, prohibition of slavery)
Key Concepts
Central concept: International Law
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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