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Syllabus

Judiciary — Syllabus

CBSE · Class 12 · Legal Studies

What Judiciary covers in CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies syllabus.

5 concepts

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A diagram illustrating the hierarchical structure of the Indian judicial system, from the Supreme Court down to subordinate courts and tribunals.
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4 Topics · CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies · 2026-27

Topics in Judiciary

1

Structure and Hierarchy of Indian Judiciary

  • India follows a single integrated judicial system with Supreme Court at apex
  • Three-tier structure: Supreme Court → High Courts → District and Subordinate Courts
  • 25 High Courts serve states and union territories
2

Independence and Constitutional Safeguards

  • Article 50 mandates separation of judiciary from executive
  • Security of tenure until retirement age (SC: 65, HC: 62 years)
  • Fixed salaries from Consolidated Fund, not subject to legislative vote
3

Supreme Court: Jurisdiction and Powers

  • Original Jurisdiction (Article 131): Inter-state and Centre-state disputes
  • Writ Jurisdiction (Article 32): Enforcement of fundamental rights
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Appeals from High Courts with substantial legal questions
4

Public Interest Litigation and Judicial Activism

  • PIL allows public-spirited citizens to approach court on behalf of victims
  • Relaxed locus standi for socially disadvantaged groups
  • Suo moto powers allow courts to take cognizance independently

Key Concepts

Central concept: Indian Judiciary

Structure and HierarchyConstitutional MandateJudicial PowersLegal OfficersAccess to Justice

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Judiciary for CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies?
Key topics in Judiciary include Structure and Hierarchy of Indian Judiciary, Independence and Constitutional Safeguards, Supreme Court: Jurisdiction and Powers, Public Interest Litigation and Judicial Activism. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the CBSE Class 12 board exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All CBSE Class 12 Legal Studies Syllabus

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