Chapter 6 of 9
NCERT Solutions
Democracy
CBSE · Class 9 · Social Science
NCERT Solutions for Democracy — CBSE Class 9 Social Science.
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LET'S RECALL
1Why is it important that the ultimate source of power rests with the people in a democracy?Show solution
It is important because in a democracy the people are the source of all power. If power rests with the people, then the government must work for them and remain answerable to them. This protects freedom, equality, justice, and rights, and prevents rulers from becoming arbitrary or above the law.
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2How does people's participation through voting strengthen popular sovereignty?Show solution
People’s participation through voting strengthens popular sovereignty because citizens use their vote to choose their representatives. When many people vote freely and fairly, the government gets its authority from the people, not from force or inheritance. This makes the government more accountable and keeps power in the hands of the citizens.
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3What do you think would happen if the same organ of the government made laws, implemented them, and enforced them? Share your thoughts with your classmates.Show solution
If the same organ made laws, implemented them, and enforced them, there would be a danger of too much power in one place. This could lead to misuse of power, unfair decisions, and fewer checks on the government. The chapter explains that separation of powers is needed so that the legislature, executive, and judiciary can check one another and protect democracy.
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LET'S EXPLORE
1The Constitution not only guarantees Fundamental Rights to citizens but also outlines their Fundamental Duties and the Directive Principles of State Policy. Discuss their significance and identify the differences among them.Show solution
The Constitution gives different roles to these three ideas:
- Fundamental Rights protect citizens’ freedom, dignity, and equality. They are enforceable in court.
- Fundamental Duties remind citizens of their responsibilities towards the nation and society.
- Directive Principles of State Policy guide the State in making laws and policies for social and economic justice.
Their significance is that together they help build a democratic society based on rights, responsibilities, and justice. The differences are that rights are enforceable, duties are moral/civic obligations of citizens, and directive principles guide government action but are not directly enforceable in the same way.
- Fundamental Rights protect citizens’ freedom, dignity, and equality. They are enforceable in court.
- Fundamental Duties remind citizens of their responsibilities towards the nation and society.
- Directive Principles of State Policy guide the State in making laws and policies for social and economic justice.
Their significance is that together they help build a democratic society based on rights, responsibilities, and justice. The differences are that rights are enforceable, duties are moral/civic obligations of citizens, and directive principles guide government action but are not directly enforceable in the same way.
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2The Right to Education (Article 21A) was added in 2009, ensuring free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14. Discuss its significance.Show solution
The Right to Education is significant because it makes education a fundamental right for children from 6 to 14 years. Free and compulsory education helps reduce inequality, improves participation in democracy, and gives every child the opportunity to develop knowledge, confidence, and civic awareness. It also supports a more informed and inclusive democracy.
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3Fill in the second column with suitable examples from your state, town, or village. One row has been completed for you.Show solution
Examples can vary by place. Suitable examples for each feature are:
- Popular Sovereignty: People vote in local/state/national elections to choose representatives.
- Rule of Law: Everyone follows the same traffic rules; no one is above the law.
- Separation of Powers: The municipality makes local rules, officers implement them, and courts settle disputes.
- Fundamental Rights: People can speak freely, practise their religion, and move freely within the country.
- Accountability and Transparency: Question Hour in the legislature, RTI applications, and public audits of local accounts.
- Multi-Party System: More than one party contests elections in the state or village area.
Any correct local examples matching these features are acceptable.
- Popular Sovereignty: People vote in local/state/national elections to choose representatives.
- Rule of Law: Everyone follows the same traffic rules; no one is above the law.
- Separation of Powers: The municipality makes local rules, officers implement them, and courts settle disputes.
- Fundamental Rights: People can speak freely, practise their religion, and move freely within the country.
- Accountability and Transparency: Question Hour in the legislature, RTI applications, and public audits of local accounts.
- Multi-Party System: More than one party contests elections in the state or village area.
Any correct local examples matching these features are acceptable.
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4Select your ideal team from Fig. 6.5 and give reasons for your selection.Show solution
Team B is the best choice because it combines representation with participation. Students elect class representatives, and those representatives then help choose the President and take decisions together. This reflects a representative democracy with discussion and shared decision-making. It is also practical for a larger group than direct voting on every issue.
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5Work in pairs or small groups. Choose any two of India's neighbouring countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, or Sri Lanka) and find out the following:
- → Does the country hold regular elections?
- → Who chooses the Head of the Government?
- → Is there more than one political party?
- → How much freedom do citizens have to express their opinions and criticise the government?
How would you describe this system? Give reasons for your answer.
- → Democratic or Partially democratic or Non-democraticShow solution
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6A democratic system seeks to promote participation, ensure fairness, limit the concentration of power, and resolve disagreements peacefully. Identify examples from the above case study that reflect these features.Show solution
The case study shows these features of democracy:
- Participation: Gram Sabhas and Mahila Sabhas were held, and people took part actively.
- Fairness: The Gram Panchayat ensured proper records and timely action on issues like education and sanitation.
- Limiting concentration of power: Decisions were taken through local bodies and community participation, not by one person alone.
- Peaceful resolution of disagreements: Issues were discussed in Gram Sabhas and community meetings rather than through force.
It also shows inclusion of women, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes, which makes democracy more representative.
- Participation: Gram Sabhas and Mahila Sabhas were held, and people took part actively.
- Fairness: The Gram Panchayat ensured proper records and timely action on issues like education and sanitation.
- Limiting concentration of power: Decisions were taken through local bodies and community participation, not by one person alone.
- Peaceful resolution of disagreements: Issues were discussed in Gram Sabhas and community meetings rather than through force.
It also shows inclusion of women, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes, which makes democracy more representative.
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7India continues to work towards more inclusive institutions. Discuss in class about the advantages of increased representation of women in the legislature.Show solution
Greater representation of women in the legislature can make democracy more inclusive and responsive. It brings women’s experiences and concerns into law-making, improves attention to issues like education, health, safety, sanitation, and livelihoods, and strengthens equality in political life. It also encourages more women to participate in public life and decision-making.
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8As we studied in earlier grades, the village serves as a unit of grassroots democracy in India, empowering rural communities to participate in decision-making processes. Many Indian leaders, such as Chaudhary Charan Singh and Babu Jagjivan Ram, who emerged from these rural backgrounds, advocated for the rights of the rural poor and other marginalised sections of society.Show solution
The village is a unit of grassroots democracy because it allows people to take part directly in local decision-making through institutions like the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat. Leaders such as Chaudhary Charan Singh and Babu Jagjivan Ram came from rural backgrounds and worked for the rights of rural poor and marginalised sections. Their contributions show that democracy becomes stronger when it protects the interests of village communities and gives them a voice in governance.
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9In small groups, identify two or three examples of information shared on social media that you believe may be misleading or false. Discuss what made you question their reliability and how such information can influence people's opinions. Reflect on why access to accurate and authentic information is important in a democracy.Show solution
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10Observe Fig 6.9 and explore the various other digital and non-digital ways through which you can participate in a democracy.Show solution
Besides digital and non-digital participation through media, you can participate in democracy by:
- voting in elections when eligible
- attending Gram Sabha or local meetings
- joining student councils or school committees
- signing petitions or taking part in peaceful campaigns
- writing to elected representatives
- participating in public discussions and debates
- using social media responsibly to raise issues
- working through civil society, NGOs, or community groups
- taking part in NSS, NCC, or other civic activities
These are ways citizens can stay involved in public life beyond elections.
- voting in elections when eligible
- attending Gram Sabha or local meetings
- joining student councils or school committees
- signing petitions or taking part in peaceful campaigns
- writing to elected representatives
- participating in public discussions and debates
- using social media responsibly to raise issues
- working through civil society, NGOs, or community groups
- taking part in NSS, NCC, or other civic activities
These are ways citizens can stay involved in public life beyond elections.
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11The first column of the table below lists some key features of democracy in India. Fill in the second column with suitable examples from your state, town, or village. One row has been completed for you.Show solution
Suitable examples for the table are:
- Popular Sovereignty: Citizens elect their representatives in elections.
- Rule of Law: Local police and officials also must follow the law; all citizens are treated equally.
- Separation of Powers: The legislature makes laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary interprets them.
- Fundamental Rights: People have the right to speak, move, practise religion, and get education.
- Multi-Party System: Different political parties contest elections in the state, town, or village.
The completed row in the book can also be used as given for Accountability and Transparency.
- Popular Sovereignty: Citizens elect their representatives in elections.
- Rule of Law: Local police and officials also must follow the law; all citizens are treated equally.
- Separation of Powers: The legislature makes laws, the executive implements them, and the judiciary interprets them.
- Fundamental Rights: People have the right to speak, move, practise religion, and get education.
- Multi-Party System: Different political parties contest elections in the state, town, or village.
The completed row in the book can also be used as given for Accountability and Transparency.
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12Work in pairs or small groups. Choose any two of India's neighbouring countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, or Sri Lanka) and find out the following:Show solution
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13→ The Constitution not only guarantees Fundamental Rights to citizens but also outlines their Fundamental Duties and the Directive Principles of State Policy. Discuss their significance and identify the differences among them.Show solution
The Constitution’s Fundamental Rights protect citizens and allow them to approach courts if their rights are violated. Fundamental Duties remind citizens to act responsibly, respect the nation, and support democratic life. The Directive Principles of State Policy guide the State to make laws and policies that promote justice and welfare.
Their significance is that together they create a balanced democracy: rights protect the individual, duties build responsible citizenship, and directive principles guide social and economic progress. The main difference is that rights are legally enforceable, duties are moral/civic obligations, and directive principles are guiding principles for the government.
Their significance is that together they create a balanced democracy: rights protect the individual, duties build responsible citizenship, and directive principles guide social and economic progress. The main difference is that rights are legally enforceable, duties are moral/civic obligations, and directive principles are guiding principles for the government.
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14→ The Right to Education (Article 21A) was added in 2009, ensuring free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14. Discuss its significance.Show solution
The Right to Education is important because it ensures that children aged 6 to 14 receive free and compulsory education. This helps reduce social inequality, improves literacy, and prepares children to become informed citizens. Education also strengthens democracy by enabling people to understand their rights, duties, and public issues.
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DON’T MISS OUT
1What is the real strength of democracy?Show solution
The chapter says that the real strength of democracy lies in its citizens. Democracy becomes strong when people participate actively, know their rights and duties, and act with honesty and fairness. Without responsible citizens, democratic institutions cannot function effectively.
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THINK, DISCUSS, ACT
1How do your actions as a student contribute to your school community and to democracy in a larger context?Show solution
As a student, my actions contribute to my school community by showing responsibility, cooperation, and respect. When I follow rules, help maintain cleanliness, participate in class discussions, and respect others’ rights, I support a democratic atmosphere in school. In a larger context, these habits prepare me to be an informed citizen who participates responsibly in society and values democratic principles.
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2Talk to your classmates about a social or community issue that you care about. How can you, as a student, make a difference?Show solution
As a student, I can make a difference by:
- speaking up about the issue in a respectful way
- discussing it with classmates and teachers
- joining or starting a school or community activity
- spreading correct information
- helping in cleanliness drives, awareness campaigns, or volunteer work
- writing to local authorities or school leaders if needed
Even small actions matter because democracy grows through participation and civic responsibility.
- speaking up about the issue in a respectful way
- discussing it with classmates and teachers
- joining or starting a school or community activity
- spreading correct information
- helping in cleanliness drives, awareness campaigns, or volunteer work
- writing to local authorities or school leaders if needed
Even small actions matter because democracy grows through participation and civic responsibility.
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3Choose one activity to fulfil your civic responsibility this month. Reflect on how your actions contribute to strengthening democracy and community spirit.Show solution
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Questions and activities
1aWhich democratic values are reflected in this situation?Show solution
The situation reflects participation, deliberation, dissent, and majority decision-making. The cabinet members discussed different opinions before voting, which shows democratic discussion and respect for different views.
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1bHow does voting help resolve differences of opinion?Show solution
Voting helps resolve differences of opinion by giving everyone a fair way to express their choice. After discussion, the decision of the majority is accepted, so the group can move forward without conflict. This prevents disputes from continuing indefinitely and allows collective decisions to be made peacefully.
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1cWhy is the majority decision important in a democracy?Show solution
The majority decision is important in a democracy because it helps the group reach a common decision when people disagree. It respects the views of the larger number while still allowing discussion and dissent. This makes decision-making practical, fair, and peaceful.
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1dMention responsibilities of elected representatives after a decision is made.
2How would democracy be affected if citizens stopped following laws and civic responsibilities? Explain with an example.
3Which situation best reflects the idea of popular sovereignty and why?
4The Rule of Law is violated when:
5Why is the Rule of Law essential for protecting democracy?
6Is voting alone enough to make a country democratic? Support your answer with examples from the chapter.
7aHow can this strengthen democracy?
7bHow can it weaken democracy if used irresponsibly?
8Write a paragraph on what democracy means to you as a young citizen.
9Conduct a model parliament session or Gram Sabha in class on local issues—cleanliness, responsibilities towards public property, or school safety.
10Choose any one democratic institution in India (such as Parliament, Election Commission, Judiciary, or Panchayat).
11What role does the Constitution play in strengthening democracy in India?
12What challenges do you think democracy in India faces today?
1Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
7Social media allows people to express opinions freely.
10Choose any one democratic institution in India (such as Parliament, Election Commission, Judiciary, or Panchayat).
Prepare a short note explaining:
Prepare a short note explaining:
7Social media allows people to express opinions freely.
a. How can this strengthen democracy?
b. How can it weaken democracy if used irresponsibly?
a. How can this strengthen democracy?
b. How can it weaken democracy if used irresponsibly?
10Choose any one democratic institution in India (such as Parliament, Election Commission, Judiciary, or Panchayat).
Prepare a short note explaining:
a. Its role in democracy
b. How it ensures accountability and participation.
Prepare a short note explaining:
a. Its role in democracy
b. How it ensures accountability and participation.
The Big Questions
1How has the idea of democracy evolved over time and shaped our understanding of it today?
2What are the different forms of democracy, and how are they practised in India and other parts of the world?
3What are the essential features of a democracy and how do they extend beyond government institutions?
4What are the challenges faced by Indian democracy?
THINK ABOUT IT
1- Why is it important that the ultimate source of power rests with the people in a democracy?
2- How does people's participation through voting strengthen popular sovereignty?
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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