Biological Basis of Behavior — Flashcards
Gujarat Board · Class 11 · Psychology
22 flashcards for Biological Basis of Behavior (Gujarat Board Class 11 Psychology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are the three most significant landmarks of human evolution that differentiate humans from other species?
Answer
The three landmarks are: (1) Bipedalism - ability to walk erect on two legs, freeing hands for tool use; (2) Encephalization - increase in brain size and specialized brain tissue, enabling complex thi…
What is genetics and what determines a child's unique characteristics?
Answer
Genetics is the study of inheritance of physical and psychological characteristics from ancestors. A child possesses a unique combination of genes from both parents - 23 chromosomes from mother and 23…
Define genotype and phenotype. How are they different?
Answer
Genotype is the full set of genes inherited from parents - the genetic makeup. Phenotype is the set of observable characteristics that an organism actually develops, such as body build, eye color, and…
How is the sex of a child determined genetically?
Answer
The sex depends entirely on the father's sperm chromosome. The egg cell always has X chromosome (23rd). If X-type sperm fertilizes the egg, the result is XX = female child. If Y-type sperm fertilizes …
What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
Answer
The nervous system is divided into: (1) Central Nervous System (CNS) - consisting of brain and spinal cord, which integrates information and makes decisions; (2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - comp…
What are the three evolutionary levels of brain structure?
Answer
The three levels from earliest to most recent are: (1) Brainstem and Cerebellum - basic life support functions; (2) Limbic System - emotion, memory, and homeostasis; (3) Cerebrum and Cerebral Cortex -…
What is the function of the thalamus?
Answer
The thalamus is an 'egg-shaped' cluster of neurons above the brainstem that acts as a relay station. It sends incoming sensory signals (visual, auditory, pain, pressure) to the appropriate areas in th…
What are the main components and functions of the limbic system?
Answer
The limbic system includes hippocampus (memory, especially long-term storage), amygdala (aggression, emotions, basic motivations), and hypothalamus (regulates physiological processes, maintains homeos…
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