Sociology: Introduction — Flashcards
Gujarat Board · Class 11 · Sociology
22 flashcards for Sociology: Introduction (Gujarat Board Class 11 Sociology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is Sociology? Provide a comprehensive definition.
Answer
Sociology is the scientific study of human social behavior, social groups, and society. It examines social relationships, institutions, processes, and interactions between individuals and groups. Acco…
Break down the etymology of the word 'Sociology'. What does it literally mean?
Answer
The word 'Sociology' comes from two parts: 'Socious' (Latin word meaning society/social) + 'Logos' (Greek word meaning study/science). Therefore, literally, Sociology means 'the scientific study of so…
Who is known as the 'Father of Sociology' and why?
Answer
Auguste Comte (1798-1857) is known as the 'Father of Sociology' because he was the first person to coin the term 'sociology' in 1839. He initially called his scientific study of society 'social physic…
What were the major factors that led to the origin of sociology in 19th century Western Europe?
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Three major factors led to sociology's origin: 1) Renaissance - brought new scientific thinking and questioning of traditional beliefs, 2) Industrial Revolution in England - created new industries, ex…
Explain Emile Durkheim's concept of 'Social Facts' with examples.
Answer
According to Emile Durkheim, social facts are ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside the individual and compel them to behave in certain ways. They emerge from group life and can be …
What was Herbert Spencer's contribution to sociology? Explain his organic analogy.
Answer
Herbert Spencer contributed the theory of social evolution and compared society to a living organism (organic analogy). Just like the human body has different parts (heart, lungs, brain) that must wor…
According to Karl Marx, what are the two main classes in society and what is the relationship between them?
Answer
According to Karl Marx, at different stages of history, two main classes exist: 1) Bourgeoisie - the class that owns means of production (factories, land, capital), 2) Proletariat - the working class …
What is Max Weber's contribution to sociology? Define 'Verstehen'.
Answer
Max Weber contributed the concept of 'verstehen' (interpretative understanding) and defined sociology as 'interpretative understanding of social action.' Verstehen means understanding social behavior …
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