Breathing and Exchange of Gases
ICSE · Class 11 · Biology
Most important questions from Breathing and Exchange of Gases for ICSE Class 11 Biology board exam 2026. MCQs, short answer, and long answer questions with marks.
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What is the normal tidal volume in an adult human?
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500 mL
Tidal volume (TV) is the amount of air inspired or expired with each normal breathing cycle — approximately 500 mL in a resting adult.
Inspiration is described as an active process because:
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It requires muscular contraction and energy expenditure
Inspiration requires active contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles. This increases thoracic volume, requiring energy (ATP). Expiration is passive under normal conditions.
Which percentage of oxygen in the blood is transported as oxyhaemoglobin?
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97%
97% of oxygen is transported in blood as oxyhaemoglobin within RBCs. The remaining 3% is dissolved directly in plasma.
The primary respiratory centre that generates the basic rhythm of breathing is located in the:
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Medulla oblongata
The respiratory rhythm centre in the medulla oblongata generates the basic automatic rhythm of breathing. The pneumotaxic centre in the pons moderates this rhythm.
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