The Executive — Chapter Summary
ICSE · Class 12 · Political Science
Summary of The Executive for ICSE Class 12 Political Science. Part of the ICSE Class 12 Political Science syllabus.
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Overview
The executive is the organ of government that carries out laws and policies and keeps administration running. In modern political systems, it has become the most important organ because state activity has expanded and effective leadership is needed. The executive can be studied in two ways: as the b
Key Concepts
The executive includes all officials
The executive includes all officials and agencies concerned with carrying out the will of the state as expressed in law. In a narrow sense, it means t
Executive heads may come to office
Executive heads may come to office by hereditary principle, direct popular election, indirect election, election by the legislature, or nomination. De
An optimum tenure is needed
An optimum tenure is needed for stability and democracy. The tenure may be six years, five years, or four years depending on the country. Very long te
The nominal executive is the constitutional
The nominal executive is the constitutional head with little real power, while the real executive holds actual authority. India has a nominal Presiden
A singular executive is led by
A singular executive is led by one person, such as a President or Prime Minister. A plural executive shares authority among several persons, as in Swi
Learning Objectives
- Understand the meaning, recruitment, tenure, kinds, functions, and importance of the executive.
- Distinguish between political executive and permanent executive.
- Explain the role of civil services, commitment, and neutrality.
- Describe the executive system in the USA, including the President, Cabinet, and Vice-President.
- Describe the executive system in India, including the President, Prime Minister, Cabinet, Civil Services, and Vice-President.
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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