Matter

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Anything that has mass and occupies space is called matter. For example, book, water, air, and even the food we eat are all made of matter.

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Living matter: Plants, animals. Non-living matter: Chair, water. Living things can grow and reproduce; non-living things cannot.

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Air is matter because it has mass and occupies space. We can feel wind (moving air), and if you inflate a balloon, it expands — proving air takes up space.

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Atoms are the smallest particles of matter. Molecules are formed when two or more atoms combine. A molecule can exist independently, but atoms usually do not.

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In solids, molecules are tightly packed and vibrate in place. In liquids, they are less tightly packed and can move around. In gases, they are far apart and move freely in all directions.

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1. Definite shape and volume. 2. Almost incompressible. 3. High density and do not diffuse.

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Because the molecules in a liquid are not tightly packed and can flow past one another. They have enough space and movement to adjust to the container’s shape.

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Gases have very large intermolecular spaces. When pressure is applied, the molecules come closer, reducing the volume — hence gases are highly compressible.