Excretion in Humans

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Excretion is the removal of all toxic and unwanted metabolic waste products from the body. It helps stop harmful wastes from building up in the body.

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The human renal excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra.

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The kidneys are reddish-brown, bean-shaped organs situated towards the back of the abdomen, one on either side of the backbone at the level of the last two ribs. The right kidney is slightly lower tha…

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The kidneys filter the blood, remove waste substances such as excess water, mineral salts and urea, and form urine. They also help keep the right balance of water and salts in the body.

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A nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is a microscopic tubular structure that helps filter blood and form urine.

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Each nephron starts as Bowman's capsule and continues as a convoluted tubule that opens into a collecting duct. Many collecting ducts open into the renal pelvis.

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Nephrons remove waste substances such as urea, excess water and mineral salts from the blood. They also reabsorb useful substances like glucose, sodium and potassium ions back into the blood.

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Bowman's capsule is the cup-like starting part of each nephron. It begins the nephron tubule and takes part in filtering blood to start urine formation.