Photosynthesis and Respiration

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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants capture solar energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into simple sugars. It happens in green parts of the plant that contain chloroph…

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Photosynthesis needs water, carbon dioxide, chlorophyll, and energy from sunlight. Without any one of these, food making in green plants slows down or stops.

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A chloroplast is a plastid found in mesophyll cells of the leaf. It contains chlorophyll and is the site where the entire process of photosynthesis occurs.

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Chlorophyll is the green pigment found in chloroplasts. It absorbs sunlight and provides energy for photosynthesis, so it is necessary for photosynthesis to occur.

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Photosynthesis occurs in the mesophyll cells of the leaf. These cells contain chloroplasts, and they are more abundant on the upper side of the leaf so that they can receive more sunlight.

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Stomata are tiny openings found mainly on the lower surface of leaves. They open into air cavities and allow carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to leave it.

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Guard cells are a bean-shaped pair of cells around each stoma. During the day they absorb water, become turgid, and the stoma opens. At night they lose water, become flaccid, and the stoma closes.

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Stomata help in gas exchange. They let carbon dioxide enter for photosynthesis and release oxygen made during photosynthesis. Leaves bear stomata on both surfaces to help gas exchange.