Ecosystems

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An ecosystem is a self-contained area composed of all the different organisms living in it, interacting with each other, as well as interacting with the physical conditions such as sunlight, air, wate…

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The term ecosystem comes from the Greek word Oikos, which means house. It suggests a living place where organisms and their surroundings work together like a family in one home.

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Biotic components are the living parts of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Abiotic components are the non-living parts, such as sunlight, air, water, temperature, and soil.

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Green plants are called producers because they make their own food through photosynthesis. They form the first trophic level and are the starting point of food for other organisms in the ecosystem.

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All organisms besides autotrophs are grouped as heterotrophs, meaning differently nourished. They depend directly or indirectly on other organisms for food.

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Primary consumers are plant-eating animals. Examples include deer, rabbits, rats, pigeons, parrots, grasshoppers, and bees. They eat plants, fruits, flowers, seeds, or plant juices directly.

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Secondary consumers are carnivores that eat herbivores. Examples include tigers, wolves, snakes, lizards, and certain birds.

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A food chain is the linear sequence of organisms in which each organism eats the lower member and is itself eaten by the next higher member. It shows the flow of food and energy in a simple line.