Representation of Geographical Features

A spot height

Step 1: Recall the symbols used for different height measurement methods. Step 2: A spot height is shown on a map as a dot (•) with a number beside it indicating the actual height above mean sea level. For example, •60 means that specific point is 60 metres above sea level. Step 3: Other examples given in the textbook include •332, •289, and •296. Step 4: Option A (triangulated height) uses a small triangle symbol, not a dot. Option B (bench mark) is a permanent survey point marked on stone or building, written as BM 200 m. Option D (form line) is a broken contour line used in inaccessible are

By closed, nearly circular contours with uniform spacing

Step 1: Think about what a conical hill looks like in real life — it is a hill with a pointed top and slopes going down evenly on all sides, like a cone. Step 2: When drawn on a flat map, such a hill appears as a series of closed, nearly circular contour lines. Step 3: Because the slopes of a conical hill are uniform (same steepness all around), the spacing between contours is uniform as well. A volcanic cone is a perfect example of a conical hill. Step 4: Option A describes a river valley feature. Option B describes a cliff, where contours merge due to a vertical or near-vertical face. Option

Plateau

Step 1: Recall the definitions of different landforms from the chapter. Step 2: A plateau is defined as a landform that has a flat top and steep or gentle sides. On a contour map, a plateau is shown by contours leaving a wide gap in the centre (representing the flat top) with low contours showing the elevated edges. Step 3: Option A (conical hill) is wrong — it has a pointed, cone-shaped top, not a flat top. Option B (ridge) is wrong — a ridge is a long, narrow elevated crest of land, not flat on top. Option D (pass) is wrong — a pass is a low area between two hills used as a route, not a land

Pass

Step 1: Recall the definitions of pass, col, saddle, and gap — all of which are depressions between elevated landforms. Step 2: A pass is specifically defined as a feature formed between two hills or mountains that serves as a land route or pathway across a mountain range. Step 3: Option A (Col) is wrong — a col is a drop in height between two hills along a watershed ridge, not specifically a route. Option B (Saddle) is wrong — a saddle is a shallow depression between two peaks with gentle slopes. Option C (Gap) is wrong — a gap is a low depression close to the ground formed between hills. Ste