Economy and Economic Entities
ICSE · Class 9 · Economic Applications
Quick revision notes for Economy and Economic Entities — ICSE Class 9 Economic Applications. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.
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Meaning of Economy
- An economy is an organisation through which people make their living by earning income to satisfy wants.
- An economy can be seen as a system of cooperation among producers.
- An economy can also be seen as a system of mutual exchange.
Simple Economy and Complex Economy
- A simple economy is one in which each individual specialises in the production of one commodity only and trades it for other products needed.
- Simple economies usually use the barter system.
- Specialisation of labour means different people take up different jobs.
Basic Economic Entities
- The basic economic entities are consumers, households, firms, and government.
- In common use, consumers and households are often treated interchangeably, so three basic entities are often used: households, firms, and government.
- Consumers take decisions about what commodities to buy to satisfy wants.
Households and Firms in Markets
- Households and firms interact in two markets: product or commodity markets and factor markets.
- Commodity markets are where goods and services are bought and sold.
- Factor markets are where factor services like labour and land are bought and sold.
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