Laws of Motion

Gravitational force, Magnetic force, Electrostatic force

Non-contact forces act at a distance without physical contact. Gravitational, magnetic, and electrostatic forces are non-contact forces. Tension and normal forces require physical contact.

Mass × Velocity

Linear momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity (p = mv). It is a vector quantity in the direction of motion.

F = ma

Newton's second law states that force is equal to mass times acceleration (F = ma). This gives us the quantitative relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.

They are equal in magnitude, They are opposite in direction, They act simultaneously

According to Newton's third law, action and reaction forces are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and act simultaneously on different bodies. They cannot cancel each other as they act on different bodies.