Chapter 8 of 15
Syllabus
Respiration and Circulation — Syllabus
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology
What Respiration and Circulation covers in Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
44 questions25 flashcards3 formulas & key relations5 concepts
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4 Topics · Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology · 2026-27
Topics in Respiration and Circulation
1
1. Introduction to Respiration
- Respiration is the biochemical process of oxidation of organic compounds for liberation of chemical energy in the form of ATP
- Overall equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP
- Gaseous exchange occurs between organism and environment at respiratory surfaces
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2. Human Respiratory System
- Upper respiratory system: External nares, nasal cavities, internal nares, nasopharynx, nose, throat
- Lower respiratory system: Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs
- Nose structure: Vestibule (filtering), Respiratory part (conditioning), Olfactory chamber (smell detection)
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3. Mechanism of Respiration
- Four processes: A) Breathing, B) External respiration, C) Internal respiration, D) Cellular respiration
- Breathing: Physical process involving inspiration and expiration
- Inspiration: Active process - diaphragm flattens, intercostal muscles contract, thoracic volume increases
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4. Transport of Respiratory Gases
- Oxygen transport: 97% as oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂), 3% dissolved in plasma
- Hemoglobin equation: Hb + 4O₂ ⇌ Hb(4O₂)
- Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve: Sigmoid curve showing Hb saturation vs pO₂
Key Concepts
Respiration is the biochemical processThe system consists of upper respiratoryBreathing involves inspiration (active process)Oxygen transportBlood consists of plasma (55%)
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What are the important topics in Respiration and Circulation for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in Respiration and Circulation include Introduction to Respiration, Human Respiratory System, Mechanism of Respiration, Transport of Respiratory Gases. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Respiration and Circulation for the Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 44 practice questions on Respiration and Circulation. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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