Respiration and Circulation — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Biology
25 flashcards for Respiration and Circulation (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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Define respiration and write its overall biochemical equation.
Answer
Respiration is a biochemical process of oxidation of organic compounds in an orderly manner for the liberation of chemical energy in the form of ATP. Equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 38 ATP I…
What are the essential features of an efficient respiratory surface?
Answer
An efficient respiratory surface should have: a) Large surface area for maximum gas exchange b) Thin, highly vascular and permeable walls to allow easy diffusion of gases c) Moist surface to dissolve …
Compare open and closed circulatory systems with examples.
Answer
Open Circulation: - Blood flows through body cavities (haemocoels) - Direct contact between blood and tissues - Low pressure flow, no respiratory pigment - Examples: Arthropods (cockroach), Molluscs …
Trace the pathway of air from nostrils to alveoli in human respiratory system.
Answer
Pathway of air: Nostrils (External nares) → Nasal cavity → Internal nares → Nasopharynx → Laryngopharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Primary bronchi → Secondary bronchi → Tertiary bronchi → Terminal bronchio…
Explain the structure and function of alveoli in gas exchange.
Answer
Structure: - Thin-walled, balloon-like structures - Single layer of squamous epithelium - Surrounded by dense capillary network - About 700 million alveoli in human lungs Function: - Provide large su…
Describe the mechanism of inspiration during breathing.
Answer
Inspiration (Active Process): 1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens, moves downward 2. External intercostal muscles contract 3. Ribs and sternum move upward and outward 4. Thoracic volume increases 5. P…
Define the following lung volumes: Tidal Volume, Vital Capacity, and Residual Volume.
Answer
Tidal Volume (TV): Volume of air inspired/expired during normal breathing = 500 ml Vital Capacity (VC): Maximum amount of air breathed out after maximum inspiration = TV + IRV + ERV = 4100-4600 ml R…
Explain how oxygen is transported in blood and the role of hemoglobin.
Answer
Oxygen Transport: 1. Only 3% dissolved in plasma 2. 97% bound to hemoglobin in RBCs Hemoglobin Role: - Each Hb molecule has 4 iron atoms - Each iron can bind one O₂ molecule - Forms oxyhaemoglobin: H…
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