Chapter 12 of 16
Syllabus
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids — Syllabus
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
What Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids covers in Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.
45 questions25 flashcards5 concepts
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4 Topics · Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry · 2026-27
Topics in Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
1
Classification and Structure
- Carbonyl group (C=O) is the functional group common to aldehydes and ketones
- Aldehydes: -CHO group (formyl group) attached to at least one hydrogen
- Ketones: C=O group attached to two alkyl/aryl groups (ketonic carbonyl)
2
Nomenclature
- IUPAC names: Aldehydes end in '-al', ketones in '-one', acids in '-oic acid'
- Aldehydes: Replace 'e' of alkane with 'al' (methanal, ethanal, propanal)
- Ketones: Replace 'e' of alkane with 'one', number from nearest end to C=O
3
Preparation Methods
- Oxidation of alcohols: Primary alcohols → aldehydes, Secondary alcohols → ketones
- Dehydrogenation: Alcohols over Cu at 573K give aldehydes/ketones
- Ozonolysis: Alkenes with O₃ followed by Zn/H₂O give carbonyl compounds
4
Physical Properties
- Polar C=O bond leads to dipole-dipole interactions
- Lower aldehydes/ketones are water-soluble due to hydrogen bonding
- Boiling points increase with molecular mass due to stronger van der Waals forces
Key Concepts
The carbonyl group (C=O) is polarAldehydes haveMultiple synthetic routes existThe electrophilic carbonyl carbon undergoes nucleophilicAldehydes/ketones with α
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What are the important topics in Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids for Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids include Classification and Structure, Nomenclature, Preparation Methods, Physical Properties. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids for the Maharashtra Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
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Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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