India’s Internal Challenges
Maharashtra Board · Class 9 · History and Political Science
Complete topic list for India’s Internal Challenges in Maharashtra Board Class 9 History and Political Science. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in India’s Internal Challenges
The Unrest in Punjab
- Akali Dal was the major political party in Punjab that passed the 'Anandpur Sahib Resolution' in 1973
- Key demands of Anandpur Sahib Resolution: Chandigarh to be part of Punjab, Punjabi-speaking areas to be included in Punjab, increased Sikh recruitment in army, more autonomy for Punjab
- Movement for 'Independent Khalistan' started in 1980 with Sant Jarnailsingh Bhindranwale as a key figure
Issues concerning North-east India
- North-east India consists of eight states: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura
- North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) was formed in 1954 by Nehru
- Special provisions made in VI Schedule of Indian Constitution for tribal areas
Naxalism
- Naxalite movement started at Naxalbari in Darjeeling district, West Bengal in 1967
- Original objectives: establish Action Committees, fight landlord exploitation, redistribute land
- Movement later deviated from objectives and adopted terrorism
Communalism
- Communalism emerges from narrow religious pride and threatens national unity
- British colonial rule sowed seeds of communalism in India
- Religious fanaticism forms the base of communalism
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