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Biodiversity and Conservation

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Biology

Complete topic list for Biodiversity and Conservation in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.

51 questions70 flashcards5 concepts

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Pie charts illustrating the proportionate number of species for major groups of invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants, based on Robert May's global estimates.
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Biology

Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation

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1. Meaning and Levels of Biodiversity

  • Biodiversity is the combined diversity at all levels of biological organisation.
  • The three main levels are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecological diversity.
  • Genetic diversity means variation within a species. A single species may show different forms in different regions.
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2. How Many Species Exist and How They Are Distributed

  • The total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than 1.5 million.
  • Robert May gave a conservative estimate of global species diversity at about 7 million.
  • Extreme estimates of total global species diversity range from 20 to 50 million.
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3. Patterns of Biodiversity

  • Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the poles.
  • Tropics are defined as the latitudinal range from 23.5° N to 23.5° S.
  • Colombia near the equator has nearly 1,400 bird species.
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4. Species-Area Relationship

  • Species richness increases with area within a region, but only up to a limit.
  • Alexander von Humboldt observed this pattern during explorations in South American jungles.
  • The relationship becomes a rectangular hyperbola on a normal scale.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Biodiversity and Conservation

BiodiversityGenetic diversitySpecies diversityEcological diversityPatterns of biodiversitySpecies-area relationshipImportance of species diversityLoss of biodiversity

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biodiversity and Conservation for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Biology?
Biodiversity and Conservation covers several key topics that are frequently asked in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Biodiversity and Conservation — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 51 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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