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Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems — Syllabus

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Geography

What Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems covers in Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Geography: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session.

48 questions76 flashcards5 concepts

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An infographic illustrating the classification of pollutants based on their state (solid, liquid, gaseous) and degradability (degradable, slowly degradable, non-degradable) with examples.
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4 Topics · Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Geography · 2026-27

Topics in Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

1

Water Pollution, Rivers, and Government Response

  • Surface water in rivers, canals, and lakes is never pure and becomes polluted when impurities increase in concentration.
  • Human beings pollute water through industrial, agricultural and cultural activities.
  • Industry is the most significant contributor to water pollution among human activities.
2

Urban Waste Disposal and Solid Waste

  • Urban areas face overcrowding, congestion, inadequate facilities and poor sanitary conditions.
  • Solid waste refers to old and used articles such as stained small pieces of metals, broken glassware, plastic containers, polythene bags, ash, floppies and CDs dumped at different places.
  • Solid waste comes from two sources: household or domestic establishments and industrial or commercial establishments.
3

Case Study: Daurala and Polluter Pays

  • Daurala near Meerut is a case of ecological restoration based on the universal law 'Polluter pays'.
  • The effort aimed to restore ecology and safeguard human health with people's participation.
  • The groundwater of Daurala was contaminated with heavy metals.
4

Rural-Urban Migration and the Case of Ramesh

  • Population flow from rural to urban areas is caused by high demand for labour in urban areas, low job opportunities in rural areas and unbalanced development.
  • Poor people often bypass small and medium cities and move directly to mega cities for livelihood.
  • Urban population grows because of natural increase, net in-migration and reclassification of urban areas.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Selected geographical issues and problems in India: pollution, urbanisation, migration, slums, and land degradation

Environmental pollutionWater pollutionAir pollutionNoise pollutionUrban waste disposalRural-urban migrationProblems of slumsLand degradation

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Geography?
Key topics in Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems include Water Pollution, Rivers, and Government Response, Urban Waste Disposal and Solid Waste, Case Study: Daurala and Polluter Pays, Rural-Urban Migration and the Case of Ramesh. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems for the Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 48 practice questions on Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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All Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Geography Syllabus

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